Types Of Microprocessors

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Microprocessors

Microprocessor is a chip, has transistors built into it and cache to store information.
Types Of Microprocessors

Working of the Microprocessor

    Types Of Microprocessors
  1. Accepts data 
  2. Processes data
  3. Stores data
  4. Sends output data



Speed of Microprocessor

  • Depends on number of instructions it processes.
  • Bandwidth (32/64 bit)
  • Clock speed (GHz)
  • Number of transistors built into it.

Operating Voltage of Microprocessor

      ·   Lowering the operating voltage decreases the power consumption.
      ·   Less power consumption, system is less expensive to run and more battery life.
      ·    Less voltage of the equipment generates less heat.
      ·    Processors that run cooler give better performance.
      ·    Operating voltage range is 1.2 to 2.5V.

Types of microprocessor
  1.      Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) → Many instruction built into it which saves processing time for performance tasks otherwise it has to be retrieved from RAM.
  •      However it affects the performance of the microprocessor because more time is taken to process the instruction and also the space available on the microprocessor for processing reduces.
            2. Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) → Have limited instructions built iinto it                which requires few transistors to be built into the microprocessor.

  •      Save the space in the microprocessor and cheaper as compared to CISC processor.
  •      This processor is favorable for scientific purposes where limited instructions are required.
Microprocessors Timeline
Types Of Microprocessors

Intel Pentium Microprocessor
  1.       Designed to work everyday applications.
  •      Word processors 
  •      Spreadsheets
  •      Multimedia applications
  •      Games
            2.Versions.
  •      Pentium Ⅰ
  •      Pentium Ⅱ
  •      Pentium Ⅲ
  •      Pentium Ⅳ
Read also:- Communication Devices and Infrastructure
Read also:-  Storage Devices and Processing Devices
Pentium I
  •     Released in 1993
  •     First chip from the fifth generation of microprocessors
  •     Has a 5-stage data pipeline for executing instructions to perform multiple calculations simultaneously.
Pentium II
  •     Released in 1997
  •     Available on a daughter card that has L2 cache 
  •     Has a 14-stage data pipeline for executing instructions.
Pentium III
  •     Released in 1999
  •     Has a unique processor serial number (PSN) embedded in the chip.
  •     Has a 10-stage data pipeline for executing insrtuctions.
  •     Has 70 more instructions built into it which enhances processing of graphical information.
Pentium IV
  •     Released in 2000.
  •     Enables to work with applications that require a lot of processing such as digital photography.
  •     Has a 20-stage data pipeline for executing instructions. 
    Types Of Microprocessors
  •     Also available in the following editions:
                Hyper-threading (HP)
                HT Extreme.

             

Read also:- Input and Output Devices of a PC
Read also:- Fundamentals of a Personal Computer (PC)

Intel Celeron
  •     Cheaper and economical.
  •     Used for running applications that do to require a lot of processing.
  •     Smaller cache size, clock speed and bus speed is also less. 
  •     celeron D processor has 256 KB L2 cache, 533 MHz FSB and LGA775 socket.

Intel Core2Duo
  •     Deliver faster performance, greater energy efficiency, and more responsive multitasking.
  •     Processors built with Intel's unique 45nm technology offer excellent performance as well as unique energy-saving features that help PCs meet ENERGY STAR requirements.
  •     Get the best overall performance with Intel Core2 Duo processor which includes up to 6MB of shared L2 cache and up to 1333 MHz FSB.
Intel Core2Quad
  •     Latest four-core Intel Core2 Quard processors are built on 45nm Intel Core microarchitecture enabling faster, cooler, and quieter PC and workstation experiences.
  •     With optional Intel vPro technology, you have the ability to remotely isolate, diagnose, and repair infected desktop and mobile workstations wirelessly even if the PC is off, or the OS is unresponsive.
  •     With four processing cores, up to 12MB of shared L2 cache and 1333 MHz front side Bus.
Core i3 Processor
  •     Support hyper threading technology.
  •     Include three models for desktop processors: i3-530, i3-540 and i3-550.
  •     Speed of these four models ranges from 2.93 GHz to 3.2 GHz.
  •     consist of two cores with four threads.
  •     Includes 4MB of Intel smart cache and based on 32nm microarchitecture.
Core i5/i7 Processor
  •     Core i5 processor includes turbo boost technology, which enables processor to adjust with user's computing need.
  •     Speed of core i5 processor models ranges from 1.06 GHz to 3.46 GHz which includes 4MB and 8MB smart cache.
  •     Intel's Core i7 processor include a new processor, new CPU socket, new memory architecture, new chipset, new motherboards and new over clocking methods.
Microprocessor Design
Types Of Microprocessors
Socket 370

  •     Specifies the type of the microprocessor that can be installed on the motherboard, uses socket on which processor is installed.
Socket 370
  •     370 pins arranged in six rows.
  •     Has L2 cache built into the microprocessor.
  •     Support Celeron 2 and Pentium Ⅲ microprocessor.



Types Of Microprocessors
Socket  462
Socket 462
  •     Known as Socket A
  •     Has 462 pins but 9 pins are blocked.
  •     Has the L2 cache built into the microprocessor.
  •     Suppots the  AMD's Athlon and Duron microprocessors.


Socket 478
Types Of Microprocessors
Socket 478
  •     Has 478 pins.
  •     Has the L2 cache built into the microprocessor.
  •     Supports the Intel Pentium 4 microprocessor





                                   Socket 754
  •     Developed by AMD and used for Athlon 64 or Sempron processors
  •     Supports 64 bit computing processors.
  •     Has 754 pins and PGA-ZIF type.
  •     Voltage range is 0.8 to 1.55V.
  •     Supports 800MHz Bus speed.
Socket 775
  •     Developed by Intel used with Intel's latest processors such as Pentium D, P4 with HT and P4 extreme edition processors.
  •     Also supports 64 bit computing technology.
  •     Has 775 pins and LGA-ZIP Type.
Types Of Microprocessors
Socket 940


Socket 940
  •     Is 940-pins socket for 64-bit AMD server processors.
  •     AMD's Opetron and the older AMD Athlon 64 FX (FX-51) use sockrt 940.



Socket LGA1156 
  •     Also known as socket H.
  •     LGA 1156 allows following connections from processor to rest of the system.
Types Of Microprocessors
Socket LGA1156
  1.      PCI Express 2.0x 16 connection for communication with graphic cards.
  2.      Direct media interface (DMI) is used to communicate between IOH and ICH.
  3.      Two memory channel for communication with DDR3 SDRAM.
  4.      Intel H55, Q57 and P55 are the desktop chipsets that support LGA 1156 socket which has Intel i3, i5 and i7 processors installed.

LGA 1366
  •     Also known as socket B.
  •     Supports 3 channels of DDR3 memory through the processor's internal memory controller.
  •     Uses quick path interconnect (QPI) with frequencies upto 3.2 GHz to connect CPU to north bridge.
  •     A direct media access (DMI) is used to connect north bridge and south bridge components.
  •     Core i7 and Xeon processors use these sockets.
 Troubleshooting the Microprocessor   
  •     Troubleshooting microprocessor techniques solve the problems that arise due to the improper functioning of the microprocessor.
  •     General problems are: 
  1.      Overheating.
  2.      Slow Processing or Hanging Issues.
  3.      No Display.

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